SQL中游标(cursor)的基本使用实例(sql游标的使用方法)深度揭秘

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文章摘要

这篇文章介绍了SQL中的游标(Cursor)及其基本使用方法。游标用于在数据集上执行Read Only操作,可以提高数据访问效率。文章分为普通游标和滚动游标两部分,详细解释了它们的定义和使用方法。 普通游标仅支持NEXT操作,用于逐行读取数据。滚动游标则支持多种操作,如PRIOR、FIRST、LAST等,可以灵活访问不同位置的数据。 文章进一步解释了使用`FETCH`语句的不同选项: - NEXT:返回当前行的下一行数据。 - PRIOR:返回当前行的上一行数据。 - FIRST:返回数据集的第一行。 - LAST:返回数据集的最后一行。 - ABSOLUTE:根据指定偏移量返回数据。 - RELATIVE:根据当前行的位置返回偏移量数据。 文章还提供了示例代码,演示了如何定义、打开、抓取和关闭游标,并解释了带有SCROLL选项的游标的使用场景。最后,总结了游标的用途,并强调了游标在数据集上的高效性。 关键词:游标、FETCH、滚动游标、NEXT、PRIOR、FIRST、LAST、ABSOLUTE、RELATIVE。



目录?类型:1.普通游标2.滚动游标具体FETCH用法:Arguments总结

  1.普通游标? ?只有NEXT操作

  2.滚动游标 有多种操作

DECLARE @username varchar(20),@UserId varchar(100)
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR –定义游标
SELECT TOP 10 UserId,UserName FROM UserInfo
ORDER BY UserId DESC
OPEN cursor_name –打开游标
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_name INTO @UserId,@username –抓取下一行游标数据
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
PRINT ‘用户ID:’+@UserId+’ ‘+’用户名:’+@username
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_name INTO @UserId,@username
END
CLOSE cursor_name –关闭游标
DEALLOCATE cursor_name –释放游标

结果:

用户ID:zhizhi? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:邓鸿芝

用户ID:yuyu? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:魏雨

用户ID:yujie? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:李玉杰

用户ID:yuanyuan? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:王梦缘

用户ID:YOUYOU? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:lisi

用户ID:yiyiren? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:任毅

用户ID:yanbo? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:王艳波

用户ID:xuxu? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:陈佳绪

用户ID:xiangxiang? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:李庆祥

用户ID:wenwen? ? ? ? ? ? 用户名:魏文文

–带SCROLL选项的游标
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE C SCROLL CURSOR FOR –SCORLL 后,有了更多的游标操作(滚动游标)
SELECT TOP 10 UserId,UserName FROM UserInfo
ORDER BY UserId DESC
OPEN C
FETCH LAST FROM C –最后一行的数据,并将当前行为指定行
FETCH ABSOLUTE 4 FROM C –从第一行开始的第4行数据,并将当前行为指定行 这里的n可正可负,n>0 往下翻,n<0 往上翻
FETCH RELATIVE 3 FROM C –相对于当前行的后3行数据,并将当前行为指定行 这里的n可正可负
FETCH RELATIVE -2 FROM C –相对于当前行的前2行数据,并将当前行为指定行
FETCH PRIOR FROM C —-相对于当前行的前1行数据
FETCH FIRST FROM C –刚开始第一行的数据,并将当前行为指定行
FETCH NEXT FROM C –相对于当前行的后1行数据

CLOSE C
DEALLOCATE C

结果(可以参考第一个结果分析):

SQL中游标(cursor)的基本使用实例(sql游标的使用方法)深度揭秘

FETCH
[ [ NEXT | PRIOR | FIRST | LAST
| ABSOLUTE { n | @nvar }
| RELATIVE { n | @nvar }
]
FROM
]
{ { [ GLOBAL ] cursor_name } | @cursor_variable_name }
[ INTO @variable_name [ ,…n ] ]

NEXT

Returns the result row immediately following the current row and increments the current row to the row returned. If FETCH NEXT is the first fetch against a cursor, it returns the first row in the result set. NEXT is the default cursor fetch option.

PRIOR

Returns the result row immediately preceding the current row, and decrements the current row to the row returned. If FETCH PRIOR is the first fetch against a cursor, no row is returned and the cursor is left positioned before the first row.

FIRST

Returns the first row in the cursor and makes it the current row.

LAST

Returns the last row in the cursor and makes it the current row.

ABSOLUTE { n| @nvar}

If n or @nvar is positive, returns the row n rows from the front of the cursor and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is negative, returns the row n rows before the end of the cursor and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is 0, no rows are returned. n must be an integer constant and @nvar must be smallint, tinyint, or int.

RELATIVE { n| @nvar}

If n or @nvar is positive, returns the row n rows beyond the current row and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is negative, returns the row n rows prior to the current row and makes the returned row the new current row. If n or @nvar is 0, returns the current row. If FETCH RELATIVE is specified with n or @nvar set to negative numbers or 0 on the first fetch done against a cursor, no rows are returned. n must be an integer constant and @nvar must be smallint, tinyint, or int.

GLOBAL

Specifies that cursor_name refers to a global cursor.

cursor_name

Is the name of the open cursor from which the fetch should be made. If both a global and a local cursor exist with cursor_name as their name, cursor_name to the global cursor if GLOBAL is specified and to the local cursor if GLOBAL is not specified.

@cursor_variable_name

Is the name of a cursor variable referencing the open cursor from which the fetch should be made.

INTO @variable_name[ ,…n]

Allows data from the columns of a fetch to be placed into local variables. Each variable in the list, from left to right, is associated with the corresponding column in the cursor result set. The data type of each variable must either match or be a supported implicit conversion of the data type of the corresponding result set column. The number of variables must match the number of columns in the cursor select list.

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