文章摘要
这篇文章指导用户如何安全地安装和配置MariaDB，确保其在生产环境中安全运行。主要内容包括：
1. **设置root密码**：确保root用户只能由授权人员访问，防止未授权登录。
2. **移除默认用户**：默认情况下，MariaDB提供一个匿名用户，用于测试，建议在生产环境中将其移除。
3. **限制远程登录**：禁止root用户通过远程方式登录，防止 someone猜测或通过网络攻击获取密码。
4. **删除测试数据库**：默认测试数据库“test”仅用于测试，建议在生产环境中将其删除，避免泄露真实数据。
5. **更新和测试**：完成所有设置后，用户可以连接到MariaDB并验证用户和数据库列表。
文章提醒在生产环境中必须运行所有安装步骤，并建议在最终测试后连接到MariaDB以确认配置是否正确。
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mysql_secure_installation
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we’ll need the current
password for the root user. If you’ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven’t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
# set root password
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
# remove anonymous users
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
… Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from ‘localhost’. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
# disallow root login remotely
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
… Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named ‘test’ that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
# remove test database
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
– Dropping test database…
… Success!
– Removing privileges on test database…
… Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
# reload privilege tables
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
… Success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you’ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
# connect to MariaDB with root
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
# show user list
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+——+———–+——————————————-+
| user | host | password |
+——+———–+——————————————-+
| root | localhost | *E2ACEC2F2DA384EE6753673365DFEF35F0C272C9 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *E2ACEC2F2DA384EE6753673365DFEF35F0C272C9 |
| root | ::1 | *E2ACEC2F2DA384EE6753673365DFEF35F0C272C9 |
+——+———–+——————————————-+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# show database list
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+——————–+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
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